Accrual based businesses typically need to make some adjustments before closing their books at year-end. Different businesses make different decisions regarding exactly what to accrue, but whenever an expense is incurred in one year for which the benefit won't be received until the next year, or revenue is received in one year for products or services that won't be delivered until the next year, then it is worth considing whether or not to make an accrual adjustment.
People often think of 1099s as being essentially a W-2 for independent contractors. While it is true that 1099s are the forms given to independent contractors showing the income they earned during the year, 1099s are also used for many other things. For a list of the types of payments for which 1099s are necessary, see Time to Issue 1099s.
Remember to write off your bad debt at year end as a means of reducing your taxable income. I recommend going through all open invoices annually in January to see if there are any you don't expect to be paid on. Simply run an Accounts Receivable Aging Detail report (in QuickBooks, select Customers & Receivables from the Reports menu, and then select A/R Aging Detail) and look at all old invoices.
The following list of January tax dates is intended to be useful for accountants, bookkeepers and small business owners:
Year-end is a busy time from a payroll perspective. Following is a list of payroll-related things to remember to do:
The IRS 2009 tax calendar for small businesses and self-employed people is filled with useful information on general business tax issues, IRS and SSA customer assistance, electronic filing and paying options, retirement plans, business publications and forms, common tax filing dates, and more. Download it from the IRS's website.
Occasional parties for the purpose of employee welfare are fully deductible to the business. They are not subject to the 50% limit on meals and entertainment. In addition, they are considered to be de minimis fringe benefits and, therefore, are nontaxable to employees. Therefore, have an office holiday party in December, an office golf outing in the summer, or an office cocktail party to celebrate spring. Better yet, have all three. The odds are that if you can justify the expense as being good for the business, then you can probably justify the deduction as well.
The IRS recently announced that they are lowering interest rates by 1% effective January 1, 2009. Therefore, beginning January 1st, 2009, the interest rates will be:
When setting up independent contractors in QuickBooks, set them up as vendors, not as employees. This is an important distinction. If you aren't certain whether the individual is an employee or independent contractor (and hence a vendor), see my prior blog titled "Independent Contractor or Employee?".
Many companies give small gifts to their employees at Christmas time. Gifts such as fruit baskets, entertainment tickets, and other small items are generally considered de minimis fringe benefits and are nontaxable. Cash gifts, on the other hand, are considered wages and are subject to all taxes and withholdings. In addition, gift certificates are treated as cash. Therefore, if you want to give your employees turkeys at Christmas time, give them the actual turkeys (or a certificate to pick up a turkey). Do not give them a $15 gift certificate to the grocery store.